Volatility is a memory forensics framework for incident response and malware analysis that allows you to extract digital artefacts from volatile memory RAM dumps. Using Volatility you can extract information about running processes, open network sockets and network connections, DLLs loaded for each process, cached registry hives, process IDs, and more. If you are using the standalone Windows executable version of Volatility, simply place volatility The Sleuth Kit is an open source digital forensics toolkit that can be used to perform in-depth analysis of various file systems.
It comes with features like Timeline Analysis, Hash Filtering, File System Analysis and Keyword Searching out of the box, with the ability to add other modules for extended functionality. When you launch Autopsy, you can choose to create a new case or load an existing one. If you choose to create a new case you will need to load a forensic image or a local disk to start your analysis.
Once the analysis process is complete, use the nodes on the left hand pane to choose which results to view. Ubuntu, Fedora. This tool can be used for various digital forensic tasks such as forensically wiping a drive zero-ing out a drive and creating a raw image of a drive. Note: dd is a very powerful tool that can have devastating effects if not used with care. It is recommended that you experiment in a safe environment before using this tool in the real world. To use dd, simply open a terminal window and type dd followed by a set of command parameters which command parameters will obviously depend on what you want to do.
The basic dd syntax for forensically wiping a drive is:. ExifTool is a command-line application used to read, write or edit file metadata information. It is fast, powerful and supports a large range of file formats although image file types are its speciality. ExifTool can be used for analysing the static properties of suspicious files in a host-based forensic investigation, for example. To use ExifTool, simply drag and drop the file you want to extract metadata from onto the exiftool -k.
Alternatively, rename exiftool -k. Free Hex Editor Neo is a basic hex editor that was designed to handle very large files. While a lot of the additional features are found in the commercial versions of Hex Editor Neo, I find this tool useful for loading large files e. The extracted information is output to a series of text files which can be reviewed manually or analysed using other forensics tools or scripts.
Tip: Within the output text files you will find entries for data that resemble a credit card number, e-mail address, domain name, etc. You will also see a decimal value in the first column of the text file that, when converted to hex, can be used as the pointer on disk where the entry was found i.
The results can then be viewed in the Bulk Extractor Viewer and the output text files mentioned above. If you load the live environment you can use the shortcuts on the application menu bar to launch the required tools. Features include support for a multitude of protocols e. The first thing you need to do is create a case and add a new session. When you create a new session you can either load a PCAP file acquired from Wireshark for example or start a live capture.
Once the session has finished decoding, use the navigation menu on the left hand side to view the results. As a result, usability is an important aspect of these tools. PC Tools ISO Burner is a security tool designed for severe scenarios when malware has infiltrated into your computer and hijacked the antivirus software, preventing you from running scans in order to eliminate these threats and restore the stability of Windows.
This application creates a bootable CD or USB disk with antivirus and antispyware software capable of bypassing these tricky cases. The whole package consists of a feather-light executable file that can be saved to any location on the disk and immediately run. The output of the above command, whether used with or without caps, may show that the attacker ran sol.
The attacker may then have launched the lusrmgr. Further, the command shell history of a cmd. Another nearby setting in the registry that is immensely useful to investigators is the RecentDocs value stored at HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerRecentDocs , which shows the names of recent documents opened by the user currently logged onto the system.
These documents are sorted by extension type, such as. Unfortunately, the file paths and document names are stored in raw binary values, not in plain ASCII form. Thus, the reg command-line tool will spit out a bunch of hex values without showing their translation into human-readable text. Instead of using the reg command, the regedit GUI will convert these binary values by double-clicking on a specific setting.
For example, an investigator could use regedit to navigate to:. There, the system will show the last ten. By double-clicking on any of the values there, the investigator can cause regedit to display the document paths and names in readable ASCII form. Additional droppings from user activity stored in the registry are associated with Internet Explorer. In particular, the following command will show all of the URLs the user typed into IE to make it surf to given websites:.
Note the need to put quotation marks around that registry name because of the space between 'internet' and 'explorer. With the output of this command, an investigator can glean significant information about where the user made the machine surf by typing in a URL, possibly making the system access pornography or other nefarious sites.
In this tip, contributor Ed Skoudis identifies five of the most useful Windows command-line tools for machine analysis. In this screencast, Peter Giannoulis demonstrates how Nessus can be used as a vulnerability assessment tool. It's important to note the limitations of the values stored under this portion of the registry. The TypedURLs value will not show full browser history, such as search engine queries, links clicked inside a page, or places that malware made the system surf to without typing a URL.
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